Exploration of The Polypropylene Degrading Bacteria Candidates from The Passive Zone of the Supit Urang Landfill in Malang City by Using the Next Generation Sequencing Method

Abstract

The buildup of plastic waste in the passive zone of the Supit Urang landfill located in Malang City has been ongoing since 2018. Currently, plastic waste is found in this area looking brittle and cracked. Thus, making it potentially a habitat for PP-degrading bacteria. This research aims to explore the potential of polypropylene degrading bacteria using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques in the passive zone of the Supit Urang landfill, Malang City. Our study was conducted in four steps, namely, 1) sampling and sample collection, 2) DNA sequencing, 3) Bioinformatics analysis, and 4) Bibliometric analysis for identification of polypropylene-degrading bacteria. Based on the results of the full length sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies technology with whole amplicon sequencing technique, a total of 2,496 sequences were read and 1,713 sequences were identified as species in the passive zone of Supit Urang, Landfill. Also, Proteobacteria (51%), Firmicutes (21%), Acidobacteria (7%), Bacteroidetes (6%), Planctomycetes (4%), Actinobacteria (3%), Gemmatimonadetes (2%), Nitrospirae (2%), Chloroflexi (2%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla from the region. Based on these results, it shows that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were abundant in the passive zone of TPA Supit Urang. Hence, the species from the phyla could have the potential of biodegrading microplastics - like polypropylene degradation. The narrative review's research showed that numerous bacterial species, including Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus, and Bacillus sp., were identified by NGS analysis as possible polypropylene degrading-bacteria.